Great Day today … Big Bang simulated

Big Bang

..Today is great day in the history of particle physics and study of Universe..We all know the theory of Big Bang that lead to genesis of Universe..What it tells?…The time and Space are originated by expansion of pinhead matter called SINGULARITY…Singularity is the densest matter with highest gravitation packed into the size of a pinhead..At one point of time (may be we should say history) this Singularity exploded with a Biiiiiiiiiig Baaaaaaaaaang.…Starts, Planets, Soalr systems, time and distances emerged due to expansion of pinhead matter to the present size..It is expanding continuously…We know that the bright sun after lakhs and lakhs of years discharges all its energy turns into a BLACK HOLE…A black hole is the reverse process formation of Universe by Big Bang…all the matter condense to its highest density packed into a pinhead size with highest gravitation, that can suck any amount of matter into it…Why today is Great Day? ‘Cause we are simulating Bing Bang on the borders of Switzerland and France by CERN…Why and How…?It is to study the events that occurred minutes after explosion of Big Bang..How the broken atoms behaved, how many types of particles existed and what are their properties…The primitve knowledge we know is that the atom has neutrons, protons and electrons…Later we knew that there are more particles other than primary three like the positrons, muons, hardons, bottom quarks, mesons, baryons, Higgs bosons or God particles etc…we may know more and more from the data collected from this experiment and can be used for various scientific applications..New processes, particles with properties that provides a  break to quantum physics or high energy physics….One more thing is that it is the Costliest Scientific Project taken up ever before..With 2000 scientists from 40 countries, spending  4.4 billion dollars working for 24 years…Some fear that this experiment creates minute Black Holes inside the Earth that finally engulf us…Others say it’s baseless fear…Of course, We survived today know

Big Bang experiment is done in three 3 tubes or tunnels in the Earth..one is the smallest, the second is 7 km long and the third is 27 km long..It has two tunnels having two tubes called LHC and four machines named as LHCb, CMS, ATLAS and ALICE…Helium atoms are bombarded in proton generating machines..The Protons generated are passed through the acellerators several times, to accellerate the speed of protons, that pass through two tubes of LHC in opposite direction and crossover at four machines where subatomic particles are released on bombardment at crossover junctions. These four machines attract various particles emanated from the proton beam. The data collected after experiment is analyzed using 60,000 computers that takes more than a month…Watch and Wait for some ground breaking discovery of facts…

CERN

CERN

It is CERN at the borders of Switzerland and France. The rings seen are…smaller right one is the site of Proton Synchroton, Middle ring is Super Proton Synchroton (SPS) of 7 km, the larger one is the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) accelerator of 27 kms circumference…All 600 ft below ground..

LINAC2 – Production center of Protons

Linac 2

The Protons are generated in this machine. Later they pass through circuits of accellators to attain speed of light to pass through LHC

Accellerators of Protons

accelerators

After passing thousand of times around these accellerators, the proton attain the speed of light near to 99.99999%, then the beams of protons collide at four locations of LHCb, CMS, ALICE and ATLAS detailed below

LHC tunnel – the Path of Proton beam

LHC tunnel

 The Large Hardon Collider tunnel is 27 kms long circular tunnel having a pair of tubes with vaccum inside surrounded by supercooled, superconducting magnets..60,00,000 protons run through these tubes in opposite direction..the path beam is controlled by placing magnets in precise positions.

ATLAS – A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS

Atlas inside

ATLAS or A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS is designed to dectected any new physical processes and particles emerged in proton-proton collision. It is few centimeters next to proton beam the inner detector tracks the charged particles by their interaction with material at discrete points, revelas type of particle and its momentum. Calorimeters next to it absorb energy released by particles and measures. The Muon spectormeter accurately measures the momentum of muons. Atlas has two large magnet systems that bends and accurately measures

ALICE – A Large Ion Collider Experiment

ALICE

ALICE or A Large Ion Collider Experiment studies heavy ion collisions (heavier than helium) or extremely hot nuclear matter or high-energy physics. It has 6 cylindrical layers of silicon tracking systems that measure the properties emerging particles. It has a Time Projection Chamber that ionize gas atoms along the path. The transition radiation detector to find out electrons and positrons. All charged particles are identifed by the time of flight. Photon spectrometer to measure temperature of collisions, High Momentum Particle Identification Detector to determine the speed of particles, muon spectrometer to measure pairs of muons, Forward Multiplicity Detector to measure charged particles emitted at small angles, Electro Magnetic Calorimeter to measure high momentum particles.

Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment

Compact Muon Solenoid

CMS or Compact Muon Solenoid detects particles of physics. It is built on proton-proton Large Hadron Collider. It explores physics of unbound particles, discover ‘god particle’ or Higgs boson particle not yet discovered, looks for evidence of supersymmetry and extradimensions. It also study heavy ion collissions